BIOLOGIA VEGETALE E BIOLOGIA ANIMALE M - Z

Composition and organization of living matter.

Main biological cycles of chemical elements.

Chemical composition of the cell: water, minerals, amino acids, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids.

Principles of classification of living organisms: Virus, prokaryotes and eukaryotes and the relationship with the ecosystem.

Morphology of animal and vegetable cells.

Cell wall, growth of the cell wall. Changes in the cell wall: lignification, mineralization, gelation, pigmentation.

Structure and function of the plasma membrane: cell permeability, transport, exocytosis and endocytosis.

Intracellular structures: Nucleus, Endoplasmic reticulum, Ribosomes, Golgi complex, Lysosome, Vacuoles (microbodies), Mitochondria, Cytoskeleton, Chloroplasts, chromoplasts, leucoplasts.

Biochemical mechanism of photosynthetic light reactions, photorespiration.

Metabolism: primary metabolites, intermediate metabolites and secondary metabolites.

Characters tissue. Systems of tissues and their classification. Meristematic tissues or cells.

Adult tissues or definitive: system parenchyma, tegument system, conducting system, segregators system and mechanical system.

Cell cycle. DNA replication, mitosis, meiosis, mutations in the DNA.

Overview of genetics: concepts of heterozygous, homozygous and hemizygous, dominant and recessive characters, genotype, phenotype and karyotype, Mendel's laws.

Genetic code, transcription, translation.

N.L. Campbell. -Biologia- Ed. Zanichelli

2. Solomon, Berg, Martin -Biologia- Ed. Edises

3. Solomon, Berg, Martin -Elementi Biologia- Ed. Edises integrated with

4. Solomon, Berg, Martin -Struttura e processi vitali nelle piante- Ed. Edises