BIOLOGIA FARMACEUTICA A - F
Academic Year 2024/2025 - Teacher: ROSARIA ACQUAVIVAExpected Learning Outcomes
Knowledge and understanding: the course provides the tools to describe the fundamental biological structures and processes of the cell and living organisms using appropriate scientific terminology;
Ability to apply knowledge and understanding: the student acquires the skills necessary to understand the importance of variability so that we can distinguish and motivate the difference between living organisms;
Learning skills: the student becomes able to use the knowledge on the basic mechanisms that regulate living matter and living organisms (animals and plants) as a substrate for the study of other biological subjects in their Degree Course;
Making judgments: the student develops his critical ability to evaluate the implications and results of innovative discoveries in the field of cell biology and living organisms. The student is encouraged to follow innovative discoveries in cell biology and living organisms by consulting the scientific literature.
Course Structure
The course will be structured in frontal teaching with power point projection and/or short films. During the course there will be exercises and problem based learning. Should teaching be carried out in mixed mode or remotely, it may be necessary to introduce changes with respect to previous statements, in line with the programme planned and outlined in the syllabus.
Required Prerequisites
Attendance of Lessons
Detailed Course Content
Principles of classification of living organisms.
Autotrophy and heterotrophy organisms. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms.
Morphology of the animal and plant cells:
Structure and function of the cell: cell wall, cell membrane structure and function, cell permeability, transport, exocytosis and endocytosis.
Growth of the cell wall. Changes in the cell wall: lignification, mineralization, gelation, pigmentation.
Intracellular structures
Chloroplasts, chromoplasts, leucoplasts: structure and functions. Pigments. Biochemical mechanism of photosynthetic light reactions, photorespiration.
Vacuolar system: origin, development and functions.
Composition of the vacuolar constituents of pharmaceutical interest.
Metabolism: primary metabolites, intermediate metabolites and secondary metabolites.
Cell cycle. DNA replication, mitosis, meiosis, mutations in the DNA.
Heterozygous, homozygous and hemizygous, dominant and recessive characters, genotype, phenotype and karyotype, Mendel's laws.
Genetic code, transcription, translation.
Part 1: 2.5 CFU - 17.5 h
The chemical composition of the cell: water, minerals, cellular macromolecules: amino acids, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates. Principles of classification of living organisms: prokaryotes, eukaryotes and their relationship. Difference between autotrophy and heterotrophy organisms. Structure and transport in the biological membrane. Organelles: endoplasmic reticulum; Golgi apparatus, mitochondria; Lysosomes, Peroxisomes; Ribosomes, Cytoskeleton; Core, Chromatin and chromosome
Part 3: 2 CFU - 14 h
Difference between plant cell and animal cell: Plastids. Overview of Photosynthesis; photorespiration; C3 plants and C4 plants; vacuoles. Primary metabolites, intermediate metabolites and secondary metabolites. Cell wall. Growth of the cell wall. Modifications of the cell wall: lignification, cutinization, suberification, mineralization, gelification, pigmentation.
Part 3: 1.5 CFU - 10.5 h
Overview of genetics: Heterozygous, homozygous and hemizygous, dominant and recessive characters, genotype, phenotype and karyotype, Mendel's laws. Cell cycle. DNA replication, mitosis, meiosis, mutations in the DNA. Genetic code, transcription, translation.
Textbook Information
- Solomon, Berg, Martin -Biology- Ed. Edises
- D. Sadava, D.V. Hillis, H.C. Heller, M.R. Berenbaum-Biologia-Ed.Zainichelli
- Solomon, Berg, Martin -Struttura e processi vitali nelle piante- Ed. Edises
- Poli F. - Biologia Farmaceutica - II Ed. - Pearson 2019
- Sadava, Hillis, Craig Heller, Hacker.Biologia , Volumi 1,2,3,4 Ed. Zanichelli
Course Planning
| Subjects | Text References | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Composizione materia vivente. Acqua e Sali minerali, Amminoacidi e Proteine, Carboidrati e Lipidi, Acidi Nucleici. | Testi 1, 2 |
| 2 | Organismi viventi, Procarioti, Eucarioti e loro rapporto. | Testi 1, 2 |
| 3 | Differenza tra cellula eucariotica e cellula procariotica, Struttura e trasporto della membrana biologica. | Testi 1, 2 |
| 4 | Organelli: Reticolo endoplasmatico; Apparato di Golgi, Mitocondri; Lisosomi, Perossisomi; Ribosomi, Citoscheletro; Nucleo, Cromatina e cromosomi | Testi 1, 2 |
| 5 | Differenza tra cellula vegetale e cellula animale: Plastidi. Cloroplasti. Cenni sulla Fotosintesi; Fotorespirazione; Piante C3 e piante C4; Vacuoli; Metaboliti primari, intermedi e secondari. | Testi 1, 2, 4 |
| 6 | Parete cellulare. Accrescimento della parete cellulare. Modificazioni della parete cellulare: lignificazione, cutinizzazione, suberificazione, mineralizzazione, gelificazione, pigmentazione | Testi: 1, 3, 4 |
| 7 | Cenni di genetica: concetti di eterozigote, omozigote ed emizigote, dominanza e recessività dei caratteri, genotipo, fenotipo e cariotipo, leggi di Mendel. Difetti Congeniti. | Testi: 1, 2, 5 |
| 8 | Ciclo cellulare. Duplicazione del DNA, mitosi, meiosi, mutazioni a carico del DNA; | Testi: 1, 2, 5 |
| 9 | Codice genetico, trascrizione, traduzione. | Testi: 1, 2, 5 |
Learning Assessment
Learning Assessment Procedures
EVALUATIVE CRITERIA.
The final exam will be evaluated based on the following indicators weighted equally and consistent with what is described in the expected learning outcomes (Dublin Descriptors):
- personal processing skills and operational initiative;
- ability to consult and use bibliographic materials;
- expository skills;
- scientific understanding of the topic.
Therefore, the final grade takes into account various factors listed below.
Quality of knowledge, skills, competencies possessed and/or manifested:
(a) appropriateness, correctness and congruence of knowledge
(b) appropriateness, correctness and congruence of skills
(c) appropriateness, correctness and congruence of skills
Expository mode:
(a) Expressive ability;
(b) Appropriate use of discipline-specific language;
(c) Logical skills and consequentiality in linking content;
(d) Ability to connect different topics by finding common points and establishing a coherent overall pattern, i.e., taking care of structure, organization and logical connections of expository discourse;
(e) Ability to synthesize including through the use of the subject's own symbolism and the graphic expression of notions and concepts, in the form of, for example, formulas, diagrams, equations.
Relational qualities:
Willingness to exchange and interact with the lecturer during the interview.
Personal qualities:
(a) critical spirit;
(b) ability to self-evaluate;
(c) problem-solving skills;
(d) ability to make decisions.
Based on the above, the rating can be:
(a) Sufficient (18 to 20/30)
Candidate demonstrates little acquired knowledge, superficial level, many gaps. Modest expressive skills, but still sufficient to sustain a coherent dialogue; logical skills and consequentiality in connecting topics of elementary level; poor synthesis skills and rather stunted graphic expression skills; poor interaction with the lecturer during the interview.
(b) Fair (21 to 23)
Candidate demonstrates fair acquisition of notions, but little in-depth study, few gaps; more than sufficient expressive skills to sustain a coherent dialogue; acceptable command of scientific language; logical skills and consequentiality in connecting topics of moderate complexity; more than sufficient ability to synthesize and acceptable graphic expression skills.
Example Questions: 1.Describe the morphology and classification of the plant body 2. Describe the morphology of meristematic tissues 4. Characteristics and function of primary and secondary metabolites 5. Biotechnology of medicinal plants. 6. Medicinal plants for the production of hormones, vaccines, and natural and bioactive products.
(c) Good (24 to 26)
The candidate demonstrates a fairly broad background, moderate depth of knowledge, with small gaps; satisfactory expressive skills and significant mastery of scientific language; well-detectable dialogical skills and critical spirit; good synthesis skills and more than acceptable graphical expression skills.
(d) Excellent (27 to 29)
The candidate demonstrates a very extensive, well-developed body of knowledge, with marginal gaps; remarkable expressive skills and high mastery of scientific language; remarkable dialogical ability, good competence and relevant aptitude for logical synthesis; high synthesis and graphic expression skills.
(e) Excellent (30)
The candidate demonstrates a very extensive and in-depth knowledge base, any gaps irrelevant; high expressive ability and high mastery of scientific language; remarkable dialogical ability, marked aptitude for making connections between different topics; excellent synthesis ability and great familiarity with graphic expression.
Honors are awarded to candidates who are clearly above average, and whose possible limitations in notional, expressive, conceptual, and logical skills are on the whole completely irrelevant.